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扫码加钉群 十万创业者 与你为伴

咖啡生意救不了悦刻

躺着挣钱的时代一去不回。

雾芯科技已经为咖啡业务准备多时。据36氪未来消费了解,早在2021年,手握大量现金的雾芯科技便启动了咖啡连锁品牌和口腔雾化业务,其中咖啡业务是集团最看重的方向,由联合创始人蒋龙带领的团队主导推进,优先级为P0(内部称“紫星”),比已经稳定的主营电子烟业务(P1,“红星”)优先级更高。

实际上,这个新品牌的起点不在成都,而是大本营深圳。5月,悦刻在深圳宝安设立了咖啡研发室,以及不对外营业的测试店。

醒刻的落地还在继续。36氪未来消费获悉,醒刻此次在成都共筹备三家咖啡店,均计划在7月份营业。

从电子烟到咖啡,悦刻杀入了过去近些年最火的饮品赛道,为自己寻找可能的“第二曲线”。这两者不无相通之处——都有一定提神功效,客群也都是都市白领。

只是,咖啡显然并非一块容易啃到的蛋糕。

探店醒刻:复刻瑞幸的路?

作为咖啡新人,醒刻此次落地相对谨慎,选择了熟悉的物业。36氪未来消费近日探店醒刻首店后发现,该店所在商场负一楼的位置已有悦刻专卖店落地。只是相比悦刻所处的B1层,醒刻的商场六层中岛位置并不起眼,且在商城1层、B1层,已经有星巴克、麦咖啡等同类品牌进入。

该店的简单装修则显示出,醒刻无意直接参与第三空间的竞争。相比之下,自提的设计,让他们多了些瑞幸的影子。门店里使用的也是“瑞幸同款”瑞士雪莱(SCHAERER)商用全自动咖啡机,后者已有百年历史,在全自动咖啡机领域以出品稳定著称。

 位于成都武侯区的醒刻首店

醒刻门店提供的SKU极少,仅有共计10款美式、拿铁咖啡,这两类也是国内最主流的咖啡消费偏好,但醒刻仍明确进一步突出大众适口的风味饮品属性,半数以上产品是类似麦香、橘光、小青柑、冰薄荷等特调风味系列,其slogan更直言是“尝到探索的甜”,相比于多数人对于咖啡苦的认知,这让醒刻看起来更像在做一门奶茶生意。

醒刻隐藏款产品

在商场中岛开咖啡店,也并非行业主流做法。面向年轻群体的咖啡生意,多扎堆在早中上班高峰期,因此多数品牌首选的是街铺、写字楼和交通枢纽点位。而该店所处的餐饮层,过去更常规做法是搭配茶饮业态。且相比于B1层,在非就餐时段,本身客流也较低楼层要大打折扣。悦刻的极强拓店能力,在醒刻身上似乎没有显示出来。

出于刺激复购的考虑,醒刻还设置了较为非主流的会员制。每月20元会费,便可以享受立减、免费配送、隐藏款等权益,不过想要用户掏这20元钱,也需要他们先认可醒刻的产品。

醒刻产品菜单界面

但18-28元不等的产品售价,仍让醒刻的客群定位看起来颇为尴尬。如果追求产品性价比,显然不是楼下麦咖啡的对手。而在相似客单价的地带,瑞幸的快取店已经有广泛的覆盖基础。除此之外,还有manner、幸运咖等一众咖啡新品牌虎视眈眈。

吸引悦刻入局卖咖啡的一个原因可能在于,不同于电子烟市场的高集中度,这里仍有不少新故事可以讲。根据美团数据显示,截至2022年5月1日,中国内地有约11.73万家咖啡门店,而无论是星巴克,还是瑞幸、manner、幸运咖,整体集中度仍十分初级。

现制咖啡消费体量跟城市等级呈正相关,尤其二线及以上城市,是中国咖啡馆主要聚集地。根据德勤中国的一项研究报告显示,中国一、二线城市人均咖啡年消费杯数分别为326杯、261杯,而中国大陆这一数字平均仅为9杯。这之中,北上广深四个一线城市是最大消费市场,人均消费习惯已经与美国持平,但在资本持续推动下,品牌竞争激烈。

醒刻所在的成都市场,是仅次于一线城市的存在,过去一年现制咖啡同样保持着旺盛增长趋势。美团数据显示,2021年成都咖啡订单量仅次于北上广深,2020年、2021年咖啡门店数分别同增8.2%、18.2%。对于一线城市的新品牌来说,成都也成了下沉过程的焦点战场之一。

不过,目前醒刻仍未有明确扩张时间表。36氪未来消费获悉,此次醒刻的拓展工作,雾芯科技选择了曾帮助集团开设数千家电子烟店的深圳一号机科技合作,双方正共同在成都地区寻找更多开店点位。不过,现阶段醒刻直营店的主要任务是跑数据模型,暂无正式对外的加盟方案。

咖啡取暖,悦刻过冬

醒刻的诞生背景是,昔日悦刻电子烟主业务的极速成长,已经被监管按下了“暂停键”。

成立于2018年的悦刻,仅用一年的时间便占据了国内电子烟超过半数的市场份额,并在此后3年里迅速完成8轮融资。在2021年初上市时,也一度受到投资者追捧,上市首日股价大涨145.92%,推动市值来到458亿美元。

悦刻的光辉业绩在2021年得到延续。根据母公司雾芯科技2021年财报,2021年集团收入85.2亿元,大幅增长123.1%,全年经调整净利润达22.5亿元,同增181.1%,稳坐行业头号交椅。但从单季度来看,实则在2021年二季度单季度营收便已见顶,到了2022年一季度,经调整净利润更是同比大幅下滑40.6%。

而随着市场对于电子烟监管趋严,悦刻的模式正经历生存大考。

不过,2022年3月《电子烟管理办法》及相关政策的出台,仍给了电子烟品牌们一些喘息的时机——电子烟品牌们获得了5个月的过渡期,到9月30日结束。在此期间,电子烟生产经营主体可以继续开展生产经营活动,并销售水果味烟弹。

一位业内人士告诉36氪未来消费,在新国标的限制下,此前的水果味电子烟将不复存在,这意味着9月30日后,符合新国标的烟草口味烟弹将彻底替代原有烟弹,这会对国内现有电子烟品牌的销量造成较大打击。与此同时,电子烟的渠道交由烟草管理系统后,“品牌专卖店”体系将被集合店所取代,电子烟零售终端会像传统烟草店一样,售卖不同品牌的产品。

位于深圳的一家悦刻体验店,图据东方IC

这种变化已经在悦刻身上体现出来。根据媒体报道,悦刻头号渠道代理商一号机确定于五月初结束国内电子烟经销业务宣告退场(实际仍为部分零售终端服务至6月底),全国多个悦刻专卖店也已将招牌换成类似于烟酒超市形式的「xxx电子烟集合店」。在这其中,拥有专卖店数量最多悦刻无疑是受影响最大的品牌商。

在《电子烟管理办法》实施前,绝大部分电子烟零售终端的毛利率都能达到40%以上,但传统烟草零售端只有10%左右,很多店主已经开始考虑转型或关店。

咖啡对于悦刻来说仍是陌生的领域,但又是必要的新业务尝试,此前电子烟品牌YOOZ也曾在专卖店中试营过咖啡类产品。与悦刻不同的是,YOOZ并非重新开店卖咖啡,而是将咖啡产品线放在了原有的电子烟专卖店中,拓展了货物品类。

充沛的现金流是悦刻独有的创业筹码,但醒刻的模式能否成立,仍要打上一个大大的问号。

咖啡馆与电子烟店区别不小。相比于过去管理经销商渠道,现在悦刻需要学习如何管理门店。 电子烟专柜占地面积小,可以开在写字楼、居民区、商场等多个场景;运营方面,电子烟专柜也只需一名导购员,负责产品介绍、货架摆放、身份核验等简单工作即可,而咖啡则需要更多的人力和产品制作成本。

作为监管后续影响的一部分,悦刻正在经历团队动荡。对于电子烟业务来说,负责销售点位拓展、店面营销、品牌建设等部门的工作量将大幅缩减,相关团队可能迎来被裁撤。刚起步的咖啡业务要想在短期内接住这些人,也并不现实。

国内电子烟新政还没有执行,雾芯科技股价已经距离高点跌去95%。没有什么比烟草更能躺着挣钱了,从这个意义上说,即使咖啡业务做成,这家公司的巅峰时刻也永远回不来。