{"config":{"moduleinfo":{"javascripts_count":[{"count_phone":0,"count":0}],"styles_count":[{"count_phone":0,"count":0}],"htmls_count":[{"count_phone":2,"count":2}]},"htmls":[],"styles":[{"text":".aliyun-topbar .aliyun-topbar-header .aliyun-topbar-element.sub-logo .sub-logo-link .sub-logo-image{height:22px !important;}"},{"text":".aliyun-topbar .aliyun-topbar-header .aliyun-topbar-element.sub-logo .sub-logo-link.pointer{display: flex;align-items:center;}"},{"text":".aliyun-topbar .aliyun-topbar-header .aliyun-topbar-element.aliyun-language{display:none !important;}"},{"text":".aliyun-topbar {box-shadow: none !important;}"}],"javascripts":[{"text":"function isDingTalkFn() { var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); var isIn = /dingtalk/gi.test(ua); if (isIn) { var style = document.createElement(\"style\"); style.innerText = ` @media (max-width: 768px) { .aliyun-module.wb-aliyun-developer-h5-nav { display: none!important; } .aliyun-module[data-module-name=\"@ali/hmod-ace-homepage-2020-hmod-footer\"] { display: none; } } `; document.head.appendChild(style); } }; isDingTalkFn();"}],"countinfo":{"htmls":{"length_pc":0,"length":0}},"header":"activity","logo":"https://img.alicdn.com/tfs/TB1KR.SwYr1gK0jSZFDXXb9yVXa-160-40.png","logoLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/"},"settings":{"uuid":"NOUUID"}}
中国站
联系我们
ICP备案控制台登录/注册
{"config":{"moduleinfo":{"question":"","rightTitle":"个人中心","menu_count":[{"count_phone":8,"count":8}],"article":"","rightMenu_count":[{"count_phone":3,"count":3}]},"menu":[{"menuTitle":"出发吧创业者","menuLink":"https://startup.aliyun.com/special/gostartup"},{"ismoreList":false,"menuTitle":"首页","menuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com"},{"menuTitle":"资讯","ismoreList":false,"menuTag":"","menuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/info/","submenu":[]},{"menuTitle":"融资","menuLink":"","ismoreList":true,"menuTag":"","submenu":[{"submenuTitle":"","submenuLink":"","morsubemenu":[{"morsubemenuTitle":"投BP","morsubemenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/company/"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"源码资本","morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/sourcecodecap"},{"morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/gaorongvc","morsubemenuTitle":"高榕资本"},{"morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/brv","morsubemenuTitle":"蓝驰创投"},{"morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/ebvc","morsubemenuTitle":"钟鼎创投"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"元璟创投","morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/visionpluscapital"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"靖亚资本","morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/emventures"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"清流资本","morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/crystalstreamcap"}],"moresubmenuTitle":"找融资"},{"submenuTitle":"","submenuLink":"","morsubemenu":[{"morsubemenuTitle":"专精特新直通北交所","morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/startup-program/zjtx"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"线下园区入驻","morsubemenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/city"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"赛道明星班","morsubemenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/star"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"赛道训练营","morsubemenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/demoday"}],"moresubmenuTitle":"加速与孵化"}]},{"ismoreList":true,"submenu":[{"submenuTitle":"","submenuLink":"","morsubemenu":[{"morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/special/newstartups","morsubemenuTitle":"项目求报道"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"大企业创新场景对接","morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/openinnovation"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"IoT框架技术内测","morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/waft"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"阿里生态资源对接","morsubemenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/markets/aliyun/surpportive"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"深圳千万上云补贴扶持","morsubemenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/szwqsy/"}],"moresubmenuTitle":"资源对接"},{"submenuTitle":"","submenuLink":"","morsubemenu":[{"morsubemenuTitle":"创业大赛","morsubemenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/event"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"88帮帮节","morsubemenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/special/88"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"创业节","morsubemenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/chuangyejie/1111/2021"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"创峰会","morsubemenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/chuangfenghui"},{"morsubemenuTitle":"云栖TechDay","morsubemenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/techday"}],"moresubmenuTitle":"热门活动"}],"menuTitle":"资源与活动","menuLink":""},{"menuTitle":"城市站","menuLink":"","ismoreList":false,"submenu":[{"submenuLink":"https://startup.aliyun.com/city/nb/","submenuTitle":"宁波海曙站"},{"submenuLink":"//startup.aliyun.com/city/vanke-wanchuang/portal","submenuTitle":"万创科技城站"},{"submenuTitle":"聊城城市站","submenuLink":"//startup.aliyun.com/city/lc/portal/"},{"submenuTitle":"太原城市站","submenuLink":"//startup.aliyun.com/city/ty/portal"},{"submenuLink":"//startup.aliyun.com/city/xt/","submenuTitle":"湘潭城市站"},{"submenuLink":"//startup.aliyun.com/city/zz/","submenuTitle":"郑州城市站"},{"submenuTitle":"岳阳城市站","submenuLink":"//startup.aliyun.com/city/yy/"},{"submenuTitle":"上海金桥站","submenuLink":"https://startup.aliyun.com/city/sh/"},{"submenuTitle":"成都","submenuLink":"https://startup.aliyun.com/city/cd/"},{"submenuTitle":"镇江","submenuLink":"https://startup.aliyun.com/city/zj/"}]},{"menuTitle":"活动中心","menuLink":"//startup.aliyun.com/event","menuTag":"","submenu":[],"ismoreList":false},{"menuTitle":"创业白皮书","menuTag":"","menuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/special/ebook"},{"menuTitle":"更多服务","menuLink":"","ismoreList":false,"submenu":[{"submenuTitle":"政策指南平台","submenuLink":"https://sme.aliyun.com/policy/"},{"submenuTitle":"创业直播间","submenuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/live/"},{"submenuLink":"//market.aliyun.com/shuangchuang","submenuTitle":"创业服务市场"},{"submenuTitle":"人才招聘","submenuLink":"//edu.aliyun.com/recruit"},{"submenuTitle":"云栖大会科技专场","submenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/special/yunqi/2021/live"}]},{"menuTitle":"直播间","menuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/live/","submenu":[{"submenuTitle":"云谷创新谈","submenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/live/room/4"},{"submenuTitle":"星云计划公开课","submenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/live/room/2"},{"submenuTitle":"一汽奔腾“智“”悦”座舱云上对接会","submenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/live/video/250792"},{"submenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/live/video/250721","submenuTitle":"钉钉专场:钉钉PaaS开放及生态策略"}]},{"menuTitle":"中小企业服务平台","menuLink":"https://sme.aliyun.com/"},{"menuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/brand/duoguan/","menuTitle":"品牌馆","submenu":[{"submenuTitle":"IT桔子","submenuLink":"https://startup.aliyun.com/brand/itjuzi/"},{"submenuTitle":"夺冠","submenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/brand/duoguan/"},{"submenuTitle":"蓝驰创投","submenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/brv"},{"submenuTitle":"高榕资本","submenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/gaorongvc"},{"submenuTitle":"元璟资本","submenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/visionpluscapital/"},{"submenuTitle":"源码资本","submenuLink":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/financing/sourcecodecap/"}]},{}],"rightMenu":[{"menuTitle":"我的项目","menuLink":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/project/my"}],"countinfo":{"menu":{"length_pc":0,"length":0},"rightMenu":{"length_pc":0,"length":0}},"publicity":{"img":"","link":""}},"settings":{"uuid":"NOUUID"}}
{"config":{"moduleinfo":{"searchLink":"//m.aliyun.com/product/search","channels_count":[{"count_phone":12,"count":12}],"searchText":"ecs","noAppDownload":true,"logo":"//gw.alicdn.com/tps/TB11eICOFXXXXaLapXXXXXXXXXX-130-39.png"},"channels":[{"spmId":"0","maxShowNum":"6","isOpenSubChannel":false,"link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/","title":"首页"},{"spmId":"0","maxShowNum":"6","isOpenSubChannel":false,"link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/info/","title":"创业资讯"},{"link":"","title":"找融资","subChannels":[{"title":"投BP","link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/company/"},{"title":"云融资","link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/product/financing"}],"isOpenSubChannel":true},{"spmId":"0","channelStr":"频道描述","maxShowNum":"6","isOpenSubChannel":false,"link":"","title":"孵化与加速","subChannels":[{"title":"线下园区入驻","link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/city"},{"spmId":"0","tce_rule_count":"1","link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/star","title":"AI赛道明星班"},{"spmId":"0","tce_rule_count":"1","link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/demoday","title":"赛道训练营"}]},{"spmId":"0","maxShowNum":"0","isOpenSubChannel":false,"title":"资源对接","subChannels":[{"title":"大企业创新场景对接","link":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/openinnovation"},{"link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/markets/aliyun/surpportive","title":"阿里生态资源对接"},{"link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/szwqsy/","title":"深圳千万上云补贴"}],"link":""},{"link":"","title":"走进城市站","isOpenSubChannel":false,"subChannels":[{"link":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/city/vanke-wanchuang/portal","title":"万创科技城"},{"link":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/city/lc/portal/","title":"聊城城市站"},{"link":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/city/ty/portal","title":"太原城市站"},{"title":"湘潭城市站","link":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/city/xt/portal"},{"title":"郑州城市站","link":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/city/zz/portal"},{"title":"岳阳城市站","link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/city/yy/"},{"title":"上海金桥站","link":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/city/sh/"}]},{"spmId":"0","maxShowNum":"6","isOpenSubChannel":false,"link":"","title":"热门活动","subChannels":[{"title":"创业大赛","link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/event"},{"title":"88帮帮节","link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/special/88"},{"title":"创业节","link":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/special/chuangyejie/spring2021"},{"title":"创峰会","link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/chuangfenghui"},{"link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/techday/","title":"云栖Techday"}]},{"link":"","title":"更多","isOpenSubChannel":false,"subChannels":[{"title":"求报道","link":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/resource/apply/8/140#/"},{"title":"创业直播间","link":"//chuangke.aliyun.com/live/"},{"link":"//market.aliyun.com/shuangchuang","title":"创业服务市场"},{"title":"人才招聘","link":"//edu.aliyun.com/recruit"}]}],"countinfo":{"channels":{"length_pc":0,"length":0}}},"settings":{"uuid":"NOUUID","recommend":{"visibleMode":"default"},"anchor":{"visibleMode":"all"},"pc":{"background":"","horizontal":"默认","verticalNumber":0,"marginTop":"","marginBottom":"","contentBackground":"","paddingHoz":"","paddingTop":"","paddingBottom":"","backgroundImage":"","autoHeight":false},"h5":{"background":"","horizontal":"默认","verticalNumber":0,"marginTop":"","marginBottom":"","contentBackground":"","paddingHoz":"","paddingTop":"","paddingBottom":"","backgroundImage":"","autoHeight":false}}}
{"config":{"adConfig":{"target":"_blank","pcImg":"","h5Img":"","icon":"","mode":"all","extraList":[],"linkList":[],"href":""},"windowSet":{"open":true,"dataList":[{"list":[{"url":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/special/newstartups","text":"求报道"},{"url":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/company/","text":"找融资"}]},{"list":[{"text":"创企榜","url":"https://chuangke.aliyun.com/special/startup"}],"bgi":"https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/O1CN01vevPS31ofSq4izkDg_!!6000000005252-2-tps-84-232.png","color":"#fff"}]}},"settings":{"recommend":{"visibleMode":"default"},"anchor":{"visibleMode":"all"},"pc":{"background":"","horizontal":"默认","verticalNumber":0,"marginTop":"0","marginBottom":"0","contentBackground":"","paddingHoz":"0","paddingTop":"0","paddingBottom":"0","backgroundImage":"","autoHeight":false},"h5":{"background":"","horizontal":"默认","verticalNumber":0,"marginTop":"0","marginBottom":"0","contentBackground":"","paddingHoz":"0","paddingTop":"0","paddingBottom":"0","backgroundImage":"","autoHeight":false}}}
扫码加钉群 十万创业者 与你为伴

盒马扛不住「新零售」大旗了

侯毅需要找到解法。

盒马正在全方位压减开支。

有关这方面的媒体报道不绝于耳。

一方面,盒马鲜生已经调低了新开门店的硬件设备投入,至少降低了25%的开店成本,盒马还把部分冗余仓储基地对外出租,搭建共享仓摊薄成本。

另一方面,根据界面报道,盒马5月底开启了新一轮的裁员,将采购和市场运营的区域人员优化,这两个职能今后收归总部。

在去年底的一波开店潮之后,盒马也在优化自己的门店。3月1日,5家盒马鲜生同时关闭,两家在南京,青岛、成都、广州各有一家。

因为盒马从今年开始要自负盈亏了。

去年6月,阿里推行全面经营责任制;去年底,阿里升级“多元化治理体系”,将盒马从事业群变成了一家独立的公司。1月14日,据彭博报道称,盒马正在以100亿美元的估值寻求融资。

图源:网络

对于盒马CEO侯毅来说,这可能并不算得上是好消息。在2019年,阿里就曾把饿了么和口碑合并成为阿里本地生活服务公司,独立出去获得了30亿美元的融资。今年一季度,阿里本地生活服务息税前利润(EBITA)为亏损54.83亿元,是各个板块里最多的,起色依然不大。

但毕竟阿里本地生活还有29%的营收增速,位居各个板块之首。

那盒马怎么样呢?

在阿里最新的季报中,盒马所在的阿里中国零售商业“直营及其他”收入同比增长14%,并么有让阿里感到振奋,而且,阿里在财报中也写道,“预计中国分部的经调整EBITA利润率将会受到直营业务的增长所影响”。

盈利能力和GMV增速达不到预期,这正是盒马在2019年年中绩效考核时拿到3.25的原因,可是到了今天,这方面的业绩似乎并未改变。

01“新零售”的大旗扛不住了

年初,侯毅在内部信里定下了今年全面盈利的目标。他提出的五项措施中的其他四项听着更像是顶层设计,最明确就是“从线上发展为主,线下发展为辅”升级为“线上线下共同发展”的双轮战略。具体来说,就是将线下订单占比从30%提升到50%。

盒马在刚起步的时候,仗着自己的线上优势,在选址上显得漫不经心。这也成了它再次聚焦线下的一大障碍。虽然电商冲击了传统零售巨头,但它们提前抢到了线下的好位置,只需要及格水平的选品和运营能力也能持续苟延残喘。

在初期,因为迷信自身的线上能力,盒马甚至会去接盘一些实体零售商,比如家乐福放弃的门店。不过,已经被验证过不适合开店的位置,就算有盒马极强的线上能力也于事无补。

迷信并不会被轻易破除掉。

在2020年9月24日的“全零售峰会”上,侯毅还曾欢欣鼓舞地透露说,盒马在北京、上海两地的线上订单占比超过75%,而且乐观地期待这个比例在2021年突破90%。因为他认为,这才说明盒马是一家真正的互联网企业。

现如今,盒马不得不重走线下路,因为过高的线上单量占比会推高成本。线上有几乎不可逆的骑手成本,客单价不高很难覆盖。

盒马线下门店

从2021年6月起,盒马开始了新一轮的门店扩张。12月密集开设了14家盒马鲜生门店。开店思路从过去的城市全覆盖变成了聚焦核心商圈和新区。“全覆盖”固然有利于线上用户的体验,但后期客流不足的问题难解。

从今年开始,盒马从灯光、货架、设计等方面着力提升了线下门店的体验,“聚焦线下”这个看上去很符合商业逻辑的打法之所以让盒马反复纠结,因为这是关系到阿里“新零售”的这杆红旗能打多久的问题。

盒马作为新零售的1号工程,之所以盯住生鲜这一块,就是因为高毛利商品的销售早早就被电商跑通,而生鲜还是线上生意迟迟没有打透的领域。

生鲜本来是线下卖场用来引流的。这种高损耗的商品很难创造多少利润,真正赚钱的是日百和烟酒。

但今天做来做去,在线下,不但高毛利商品的周转率越来越低,生鲜也有拼多多、京东到家和美团外卖几种替代方式了。

在侯毅的眼中,盒马没有对手。

他曾自豪地说过:“盒马成功了,新零售就成功了。”但时至今日,这句话的反面似乎更接近现实:“盒马失败了,新零售就失败了。”

02代价高昂的排除法

过去几年,盒马已经试过了几乎所有的线下零售形态:盒马鲜生、X会员店、Mini店、小站、盒马里、盒马菜市、pick'n go、盒马F2、盒马集市、盒马邻里等等。

盒马当年跟着做过一波社区团购,但现在盒马集市已经被剥离出来整合到了戴珊的“大淘宝”之中。这也算是对侯毅的一次解脱,因为他本人并不看好社区团购的模式,但由于是集团已经确定的风口级业务,又在盒马的生鲜范畴之内,所以硬着头皮做了一番尝试。

就算在社区团购上,侯毅可以为自己开脱,但是,盒马在小店上的探索也一直不顺。

盒马小站、盒马mini都是试了一年就渐渐被放弃。盒马Mini一度被侯毅看作“生鲜电商的终极模式”,目标是一年内开出100家店。但2019年开出第一家店的mini到2020年底只开出了14家店。侯毅不得不承认判断失误。

北京第一家盒马mini

最新版小店盒马邻里去年就开始关闭许多站点,今年4月则从北京、西安、成都和武汉撤城,只守在杭州、上海和南京三座城市。这个被定义为“盒马未来十年最重要的战略”再次遭遇尴尬。

现在,盒马转为用生鲜奥莱店探索下沉市场,截至5月31日,已经开出了40多家店。这次,小店真的成了鲜生和会员店的补充,重点是将两者临期的“日日鲜”商品打折售卖。保质期还有两天的“日日鲜”牛奶会从原价7.5元降到3元。

“日日鲜”是一直是盒马的生鲜耗损大户。因为很多商品白天商家,晚上就临期,被嘲讽作“日日扔”。

这次的奥莱很可能会成为盒马历史上商业价值最高的小店,因为它的出发点最务实,没想成为什么“终极形态”、也不是什么“十年战略”,纯粹就为了降本增效。

无论如何,小店看起来很难成为第三条增长曲线了。现在看来最有希望的就是盒马鲜生和X会员店。对于侯毅来说,店面模式已经不需要再尝试了,只要打好手里的牌就行了。

盒马首家 X会员店

目前,盒马已经在新疆、西藏和东北之外的绝大部分一线城市和省会城市占好坑位。盒马鲜生已经有超过300家店,未来在门店数量上的增长空间并不大,接下来需要考验它的单店增量了。

问题在于,盒马鲜生只有在北京、上海的核心商圈成熟门店能实现盈利,一线城市的区域全面盈利都很难做到,在低线城市的生意更不尽如人意。

去年的一波门店调整不可能对盒马鲜生的大局有太大影响.最经典的“盒马鲜生”因为早期的思路不清,在布局上其实需要许多调整。但以盒马目前的状况,最多只能进行一些小修小补,很难进行大刀阔斧的改动。

也许从目前来看,盒马最有希望的还是X会员店,毕竟只开了7家店,一切都是全新的。

03靠会员店翻盘?

盒马X会员店的客户群体和“盒马鲜生”高度重叠,模式上也有山姆、Costco这样的成熟样板,不同于盒马反复推倒重建的小店,应该是下一步盒马盈利的真正关键。

X会员店是盒马成立以来尝试的第8种业态。它的理念已经和新零售倡导的“消费行为碎片化、购物频次高频化”大相径庭了。它面积最大,在1.6万到1.8万平米,而主力店型盒马鲜生的面积在2500到5000平米,一定程度上可以看作盒马向传统零售的回归。

盒马的强项在线上,而会员店模式的高客单价正好完美匹配。要知道,不单单X会员店,麦德龙、山姆的线下客单价都在300元以上,线上客单价在150元以上。

中国仓储会员超市主要品牌情况

“前辈”山姆会员店的平均客单价最高能做到2800元,全年70%的销售额都来自大客户开发。山姆的SKU数量精简,大包装,大批量采购可以折上折,只向会员开放为的就是将低频、低客单价的群体过滤掉。

除了高客单价,自有品牌这个利器也是盒马要在X会员店发力的。

瑞泽咨询的数据显示,盒马的自有品牌商品占GMV的比例在15%以上,这比永辉的额3%-4%要好得多,但是和欧洲零售巨头30%以上的占比还有很大差距。而相比盒马鲜生,X会员店的确大幅提高了自有品牌率。

这些自有品牌以3R((Ready to cook,Ready to heat,Ready to eat,即烹、即热、即食))食品为主。“盒马工坊”已经成为它销量最大的自有品牌商品,所在部门也已经在2020年升级为3R事业部。

侯毅承认,盒马在普通民生品牌上是打不过本地零售商的,因为他们在当地的供应链更强。盒马唯一的出路就是供应来自全国甚至全球供应链的商品。“盒马工坊”的烘焙产品在郑州门店的定价要高于当地超市的同类产品,但依然热销,单日10万件不成问题。

侯毅

在诸多有利因素面前,X会员店“全面盈利”或许是更务实的目标。

摆在盒马面前的路其实也“简单”:卸下“新零售”的包袱,做好“盒马鲜生”和X会员店。

怕就怕侯毅来回摇摆,比如去年底一波和叮咚买菜的价格战就让人摸不着头脑。不过没办法,已经多次受挫的侯毅可能需要张勇更多的心理按摩了。