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市值力压美国三大车企,蔚来、理想、小鹏的虚火与真金

江 峰
2020/12/03 10:16
交通运输 行业研究
资讯详情

11月13日,随着超预期三季度财报的发布,理想汽车股价上涨27.27%,美股上市的造车新势力集体大涨。截至当日收盘,蔚来、理想、小鹏三家的市值之和已经超过美国三大车企(通用、福特、菲亚特克莱斯勒)的市值之和,三家公司成交量也分列美股成交额第一、第二和第六位,11月13日也就成为了中国新能源汽车日。

随着新势力们销量的不断攀升,恐怕连坚定的看空者也要重新审视下自己的观点:现在的蔚来,是不是那个曾经在持续遭遇做空并差点破产的特斯拉?造车新势力“三苦”变身三强后,谁又能变成真正的凤凰?

1销量持续超预期   造车新势力告别PPT时代

尽管备受“半卖半送”的质疑,造车新势力们销量持续超出预期却是一个不争的事实。进入到10月份,国内汽车行业依旧是新能源这边的风景独好。

作为国内造车新势力中量产车型落地最早的一家,蔚来汽车10月份交付量达首次超过5000台,同比增长100%。这也是公司自今年3月以来连续第8个月实现同比增长,并创品牌单月交付数新高。截止20年10月,蔚来已累计交付6.3万辆电动车,交付量上在新势力中继续领跑。

此外,蔚来总裁秦力洪曾在接受媒体采访时透露,蔚来车型的平均开票价格已经超过40万元,而ES8的平均开票价超过50万元。

从某种意义上说,新能源汽车均价的提升、中高端车型的大卖的意义远比单纯的销量提升更加重要。这说明消费者已愿意按照真正的私家车定位来选择电动车,而不再是为了享受政策优惠。而蔚来汽车卖到40万,又要比特斯拉的意义更加重要。如果理解了这层逻辑,就能更好地参悟到造车新势力被资本市场疯狂追捧的深层原因。

10月2日,理想汽车公布的10月交付数据显示,理想ONE10月交付量达到3692辆,这也是公司连续三个月刷新单月交付量纪录。尽管仅有一款车型,理想ONE今年前10月的累计交付量也已经超过2万辆。

10月20日,小鹏汽车第1万辆P7正式下线,以不到160天的成绩创造新势力单一车型最快万辆下线记录;目前,小鹏汽车拥有两款主销车型,G3负责开拓市场,P7则定位高端。产品线及相对亲民的价格优势,让其10月交付量达到3040辆,同比增长229%。

国内不少投资者,对造车新势力的印象还停留在PPT造车阶段,对其股价的上涨简单理解为概念炒作,这显然是在拿老眼光看待新问题。然而,若要说蔚来目前市值力压通用、宝马位居全球第七靠的全是实力,又似乎有点底气不足。

此外,美国乃至整个欧美真正跑出来的“新势力”就只有一家特斯拉,而中国截至目前却同时跑出了着蔚来、理想、小鹏,第四名威马汽车科创板上市计划也在紧锣密鼓的进行。

值得注意的是,面对着“三英战吕布”的局面,特斯拉将Model 3价格一年之内降了10万,这对仍未脱离亏损泥潭的新势力无疑是一个重大冲击。在考虑到传统燃油汽车巨头们的全面电动化趋势,蔚来、理想、小鹏三强组合力压通用、福特、菲亚特克莱斯勒三巨头的局面应该不会支撑太久。

那么问题来了,如果在目前的新势力三强中选出一家,谁将能在特斯拉降价与燃油车的反扑中最后胜出?

2特斯拉频频降价  坚持到底就是胜利

实际上,对于这一问题或者可以从两个角度进行分析。长远一点的角度是按照特斯拉的演化路径进行推演,看看哪一家公司可以最快真正实现盈亏平衡,并拥有自身的造血能力。现实一点的角度则需要分析,面对特斯拉频频的降价冲击,谁受到的影响最小,谁能支撑的更久。

对过去表现进行全面复盘,我们可以得到一个基本结论,特斯拉真正摆脱亏损乃至倒闭危机的关键正是Model 3的持续放量,也是靠此,它逐步走向盈亏平衡。以此而论,对造车新势力来说,交付量的快速提升就是决定其能否最后胜出一个关键因素。

从2020年的交付量来看,蔚来汽车目前以3.1万辆的水平遥遥领先,理想汽车突破2.1万辆,小鹏汽车则刚过1.7万辆。

但过往的交付量只是一个数字,未来的交付量则需要考虑工厂产能、量产车型、产品定价等方面。综合对比来看,蔚来汽车目前主销车型共有3款,但短板在于没有自有工厂,代工生产的模式需要尽快改变。理想汽车目前只有一款量产车型,其增程式混动模式也存在一定争议。

随着P7的落地与热销,小鹏汽车3季度销量达到8578辆,距离理想的8660辆仅有一步之遥。从增长势头上看,小鹏反超理想应该不成问题。

至于如何应对特斯拉的冲击。目前看,由于蔚来汽车与理想汽车现有车型定价与SUV的车身,避免了Model 3降价所带来的直接冲击,小鹏汽车G3与P7售价在15万-30万之间,受到特斯拉降价的直接冲击。

还有一个潜在的威胁,特斯拉Model Y最快将于2021年1月落地,市场预期的价格将是40万元附近,这一价格将直接对蔚来及理想构成直接威胁,这也是香橼敢于做空蔚来的原因。

另外一个问题是,三家公司还能支撑多久。从最新三季报数据看,三家公司现金储备比较接近,但小鹏汽车的亏损金额最大,营收规模最低,相对处于弱势。

整体来看,蔚来汽车目前在量产车型、汽车交付量及营收规模上具有明显优势,毛利率水平也高于小鹏汽车,综合实力在三者中位居第一。但缺点在于没有自己的工厂。

理想汽车增程式电动车的“小电池+燃油机+驱动电机”的整套驱动系统在造价成本上更低,毛利率在三家中最高,但缺点是车型单一,而混动模式也不被看好。小鹏汽车亏损最大、毛利率最低,但相比前两家,小鹏目前已经经历了特斯拉的正面进攻。

从股价表现来看,小鹏汽车最新市值530.24亿美元,理想汽车为364.98亿美元,蔚来汽车则高达747.02亿美元。从二级市场的定价分析,蔚来汽车目前在新势力中位居第一名也没有争议。但相对车型单一、且采用混动模式的理想,采用纯电动模式的小鹏汽车似乎更被看好,尽管公司目前的毛利率最低。

本文涉及有关上市公司的内容,为作者依据上市公司根据其法定义务公开披露的信息(包括但不限于临时公告、定期报告和官方互动平台等)作出的个人分析与判断;文中的信息或意见不构成任何投资或其他商业建议,市值观察不对因采纳本文而产生的任何行动承担任何责任。



本文来源于亿欧