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X

年入59亿,失去“乔丹”?这家福建“IP

谈起中乔体育的上市之路,可谓是坎坷不断,因一个耗时耗力的商标官司而错失机遇。

正在掉队?

随着全面注册制的落地,“IPO钉子户”中乔体育股份有限公司(以下简称“中乔体育”)重启了上市日程,拟登陆沪主板,保荐人为中银国际证券。

不过来看目前的IPO状态,公司因发行上市申请文件中记载的财务资料已过有效期,需要补充提交,上交所中止其发行上市审核。

图片来源:上交所官网

谈起中乔体育的上市之路,可谓是坎坷不断,因一个耗时耗力的商标官司而错失机遇。

而随着官司的尘埃落定,中乔体育终于可以重新筹备上市事宜,只不过如今的运动鞋服市场于它而言,充满挑战。

01 与“空中飞人”的纠纷

回顾过往,中乔体育的发展史还是值得说道一番。

中乔体育成立于2000年,主要从事运动鞋、运动服装、运动配饰产品的设计、生产和销售。公司的基本经营模式为订单式生产销售乔丹品牌运动服饰产品。截至2022年6月30日,公司品牌专卖店数量在已上市的国内自主运动服饰品牌中排第三位。

公司基本经营流程,图片来源:招股书

事实上,中乔体育很早就冲击IPO,2011年11月首发过会,那时的它还叫“乔丹体育股份有限公司”,没想到后来的一纸诉状使其陷入了一定的困境。

图片来源:证监会

众所周知,“空中飞人”迈克尔·乔丹(Michael Jeffrey Jordan)在他的篮球职业生涯中,曾创造了很多无与伦比的纪录,他的名人光环也带来了一系列的经济效应。

图片来源:中乔体育官网

2012年2月23日,美国前职业篮球运动员Michael Jeffrey Jordan通过公关公司在互联网上宣布在中国起诉发行人“侵犯其姓名权”。

根据招股书,发行人商号及产品商标“乔丹”与美国前职业篮球运动员Michael Jeffrey Jordan的中文惯常翻译“迈克尔•乔丹”中的姓氏翻译“乔丹”相同(发行人母公司目前已更名为中乔体育股份有限公司,部分子公司名称中仍包含“乔丹”字样)。

这场官司打了很久,目前已经有了一个结果。

图片来源:招股书

截至招股说明书签署之日,福建百群持有公司29,128.5万股股份,占公司总股本的64.73%,为公司的控股股东。公司的实际控制人为丁国雄、丁也治夫妇,两人都来自“中国鞋都”福建晋江,合计持有公司控股股东福建百群100%股权。

02 毛利率不断下滑

来看基本面,中乔体育的盈利能力在走下坡路

报告期内,公司实现营业收入分别约为55.91亿元、49.28亿元、59.31亿元、30.99亿元;净利润分别为8.32亿元、7.38亿元、6.95亿元、3.63亿元,出现了逐年下滑之势。

值得注意的是,报告期内,公司因收购茵宝中国100%股权,于购买日确认商标无形资产4.37亿元。茵宝(Umbro)成立于1924年,是英国著名的足球服装品牌。

图片来源:官网

报告期内,中乔体育的综合毛利率低于可比公司平均水平,其中,主营业务毛利率分别为31.99%、29.83%、28.23%、27.51%,逐年下滑。

具体来看,2020年这一数据有所下降,主要原因是上半年由于疫情的影响,为提升经销商的信心,公司主动降低利润,适当降低折扣让利于经销商。2021年这一数据继续下降,主要是运动鞋业务的毛利率降低,主要原因为鞋底等运动鞋主要原材料价格有较大的涨幅,导致直接材料成本上升,进而使得运动鞋业务毛利率下降。

具体来看,中乔体育主要通过经销商专卖店进行终端销售。报告期内,经销模式销售额占公司营业收入的比例均超过80%。

在某种程度上,这一销售模式有利于迅速扩张,加速对二、三线城市的渗透,节约市场推广费用,分散营销网络建设投资的风险。但在这一模式下,公司经营毛利率相对较低,对终端零售店铺的控制力度不够,对品牌形象的统一策划活动可能得不到及时和充分执行。

尽管公司已开始利用电子商务、直营店等开展直销业务,但其销售比例仍有待提高,在整体上还是存在依赖授权经销商的风险。

03 竞争力存在短板?

虽说运动鞋服行业作为消费品行业,一定程度上受宏观经济的周期性影响,但这一赛道还是存有积极的发展空间。

在消费升级下,随着全民健身运动的持续发展和健康生活理念的深入人心,叠加国家政策的鼓励、大型体育赛事的成功举办等利好,运动鞋服市场飞速发展,尤其在国潮文化的兴起下,不少国产运动鞋服品牌破圈而出。

不过,中乔体育能否抓住这一发展红利还需要打上一个问号。

如今,运动鞋服市场基本形成了国际品牌与国内品牌两分天下的局面。而在激烈的市场竞争中,中乔体育的存在感并不高,东西也不好卖了

翻看招股书,可以发现,中乔体育的产品性价比挺高,2022年上半年,中乔体育的服装平均售价58.9元,鞋子平均售价103.73元,配饰平均售价14.46元。

值得注意的是,报告期内,公司的存货从9.06亿元升至13.25亿元,存货金额较大且占流动资产比例较高。

面对当下的消费趋势,以往的打法或许已经失效。要知道,随着居民消费水平的提高,消费者,尤其是拥有巨大消费潜力的年轻消费者对运动健身、时尚的理解也在不断深化,向多元化发展。

这就要求,入局者也要与时俱进,在产品、渠道、品牌文化等方面不断发力。例如,产品既要“好看”,又要“好用”,不仅要时尚,追求科技感与未来感,也要重视产品的功能性,创新不能停,以进一步提升品牌价值的想象空间;此外,它们也要重视数字化营销运营和个性化体验,尽可能去接近并适应消费者。

纵观运动鞋服市场,目前头部品牌都在加速发力高端市场,加强品牌建设,挖掘品牌文化价值。毕竟,若是不进行产品升级,不提升品牌的势能,便难以打开价格高度,提升盈利水平。

对于中乔体育而言,它在营销网络建设、产品研发等方面存在一定的短板。例如,它过度依赖经销商渠道,在一定程度上难以和消费者建立沟通桥梁。同时,报告期内,公司的研发费用有待提升,占营收的比例不足2%。

本次IPO拟募资10.64亿元,主要用于鞋生产基地扩建项目、研发设计中心建设项目、全国战略直营店建设项目、信息化建设项目。

显然,中乔体育也意识到,它需要全面提高产品品质、增强产品专业化、时尚化和多样化,不然难以在竞争中脱颖而出,更别说择机进军国际市场了。

04 结语

近年来,在运动鞋服市场上,人们对常规品类的需求整体趋于饱和,对于入局者来说,发掘细分市场的潜力,向消费者提供高品质、多样化的产品,构筑更具竞争力的护城河已成为重中之重。如今,头部品牌梯队的市场集中度还在不断提升,中小品牌的生存空间容易受到挤压,中乔体育曾在商标官司中耗费不少心力,现在留给它的时间或许并不多了。